{"id":4569,"date":"2021-11-30T12:53:34","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T12:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/new2022.foz.co.il\/?p=4569"},"modified":"2022-11-17T13:19:35","modified_gmt":"2022-11-17T13:19:35","slug":"the-dreyfus-affair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fozmuseum.com\/blog\/the-dreyfus-affair\/","title":{"rendered":"The Dreyfus Affair, A Case Of Injustice And Anti-Semitism"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4569\" class=\"elementor elementor-4569\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50c0ac7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50c0ac7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cd439f\" data-id=\"1cd439f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fdfca4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fdfca4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. The affair is often seen as a symbol of injustice and anti-semitism, Major roles in the affair were played by the press and public opinion in the lasting social conflict.<\/p><p>It all began when, at the end of 1894, a French army captain named\u00a0Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew of Alsatian origin, was accused of handing secret documents to the imperial German military. After a closed trial, he was found guilty of treason and sentenced to prison for life in French Guiana, where he spent nearly five years.<\/p><p>At that time, opinion of the French political class was unanimously against Dreyfus. However, the journalist Bernard Lazare was convinced of Dreyfus\u2019 innocence and set out to disprove the case against him. Meanwhile Colonel Georges Picquart, head of counter-espionage, found evidence in March 1896 indicating that the real traitor was Major Ferdinand Walsin Esterh\u00e1zy.<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4581 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/fozmuseum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Dreyfus-rennes2.jpg\" alt=\"Dreyfus Affair\" width=\"450\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fozmuseum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Dreyfus-rennes2.jpg 450w, https:\/\/fozmuseum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Dreyfus-rennes2-300x231.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The General Staff, however, refused to reconsider its judgment and acquitted Esterh\u00e1zy after a trial lasting only two days. The army then accused Dreyfus of additional crimes, based on false. information. Word of the military court\u2019s framing of Dreyfus and of an attempted cover-up began to spread, leading to the open letter entitled \u201cJ\u2019accuse\u201d by famed writer\u00a0\u00c9mile Zola\u00a0that was published in a Paris newspaper in January 1898 and achieved wide attention. Activists put pressure on the government to reopen the case. The issue continued to be hotly debated until the end of the century. Anti-semitic riots erupted in more than twenty French cities.<\/p><p>Despite the intrigues of the army to quash the case, the first judgment against Dreyfus was ultimately annulled by the Supreme Court after a thorough investigation, and a new court-martial was held at Rennes in 1899. Despite increasingly robust evidence to the contrary, Dreyfus was convicted again and sentenced to ten years of hard labor, though the sentence was commuted due to extenuating circumstances. Finally, a presidential pardon was granted by President \u00c9mile Loubet, but it was only in 1906 that Dreyfus\u2019 innocence was officially recognized. He was returned to military service and remained an officer in the French Army for the entire period of World War I, ending his service with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He died in 1935.<\/p><p>The Dreyfus Affair had a profound influence on the budding\u00a0Zionist movement\u00a0and was cited by the founding father of modern political Zionism,\u00a0Theodor Herzl, in his arguments for the need of the Jews to have a sovereign state of their own, free of foreign anti-Semitic rule.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. The affair is often seen as a symbol of injustice and anti-semitism, Major roles in the affair were played by the press and public opinion in the lasting social conflict. It all began when, at [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4581,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Dreyfus Affair, A Case Of Injustice And Anti-Semitism | Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fozmuseum.com\/blog\/the-dreyfus-affair\/\" \/>\n<meta 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